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TMA - Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie
University of Groningen, Archaeology, Department Member
- Mediterranean archaeology, Mediterranean prehistory, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Greek Archaeology, Roman Archaeology, and 12 moreAncient Rome, Landscape Archaeology, Survey (Archaeological Method & Theory), Aegean Archaeology, Archaeology of pre-Roman Italy, Archaeological field survey, Bronze and Iron Ages in Italy (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Archaeology of Southern Italy, Archaeological survey, Settlement Patterns, and Archaeological Method & Theoryedit
- TMA is een actueel Nederlandstalig tijdschrift dat al sinds 1988 verslag doet van archeologisch onderzoek in het Medi... moreTMA is een actueel Nederlandstalig tijdschrift dat al sinds 1988 verslag doet van archeologisch onderzoek in het Mediterrane gebied.
De redactie stelt zich ten doel een platform te bieden voor de presentatie van recent archeologisch onderzoek. TMA is een halfjaarlijks tijdschrift; ieder jaar verschijnt een regulier nummer en een themanummer. Regelmatig wordt er bij het themanummer ook een symposium georganiseerd. Voorbeelden van thema’s die in TMA aan bod komen, zijn landschapsarcheologie, archeozoölogie, architectuur, gender en religie. Aan de hand van onder andere artikelen en besprekingen van recent verschenen boeken volgt TMA de ontwikkelingen in de archeologie van de Mediterrane wereld op de voet.
TMA bevat rijk geïllustreerde bijdragen van zowel gevestigde archeologen, als jonge onderzoekers. De artikelen zijn wetenschappelijk, informatief en toegankelijk voor iedereen die zich interesseert voor de mediterrane archeologie.
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De redactie van TMA is altijd geïnteresseerd in bijdragen van auteurs en bereikbaar voor vragen en/of opmerkingen.edit
Documentation of the unpublished Greek-Dutch excavation in 1956 at Troullos, the eastern quarter of Archanes on the isle of Crete, was recently rediscovered and assembled. The slides, photographs, plans and notes not only provide a vivid... more
Documentation of the unpublished Greek-Dutch excavation in 1956 at Troullos, the eastern quarter of Archanes on the isle of Crete, was recently rediscovered and assembled. The slides, photographs, plans and notes not only provide a vivid picture of the excavation that had fallen into oblivion. They also offer an interesting view of the methods and approaches of archaeology at the time, as well as of the ways of communication in the archaeological world and the circumstances in which campaigns were organised in the 1950s.
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The paper presents the objectives, methodology and some of the results from a long term research project by a team of Ghent University in Central-Adriatic Italy. In particular the holistic and integrated approach of non-invasive survey... more
The paper presents the objectives, methodology and some of the results from a long term research project by a team of Ghent University in Central-Adriatic Italy. In particular the holistic and integrated approach of non-invasive survey has allowed to reveal the main traits of settlement dynamics in this Mediterranean valley between the later Bronze age and Early Medieval times. The contribution to the regional urbanisation process and connected rural exploitation in Roman times, from the third century BC onwards, has helped to put the archaeology of this somewhat understudied region on the map. Interesting observations concerning the Picene settlements in the valley are the starting point of new research lines looking closer into the Iron Age of this part of the Italian peninsula.
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Mediterranean archaeology has been a focus of study at the University of Utrecht for over a century. Previously, archaeology had been a part of the department of Greek and Latin Language and Literature. After WWII, an independent... more
Mediterranean archaeology has been a focus of study at the University of Utrecht for over a century. Previously, archaeology had been a part of the department of Greek and Latin Language and Literature. After WWII, an independent Archaeological Institute was founded and housed at Domplein. During this period a substantial educational collection was created of some 1000 objects, most of which now resides in the University Museum of Utrecht, while parts are on loan at the universities of Amsterdam and Groningen. The collection includes a variety of cultic and funerary objects as well as various utensils. The majority consists of (Greek) pottery. After the dissolution of the Archaeological Institute in 1983 the expansion of the collection halted and it was largely forgotten. In 2015 a team of the department of Ancient History at Utrecht University resumed research into the collection and has taken up a twofold strategy: disclosing the collection to the general public and publishing a large part of it in Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.
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The Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project has a long history of archaeological survey research that aims to contribute to the project’s mission of documenting the long-term human-environment interactions in its study region (SW... more
The Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project has a long history of archaeological survey research that aims to contribute to the project’s mission of documenting the long-term human-environment interactions in its study region (SW Turkey). Over the years, different methodologies, ranging from reconnaissance surveys to intensive tract walking, have been implemented according to the different research questions and scales of examination of our project. In addition, the survey designs had to meet various landscape units of the research area within the Western Taurus Mountains and thus had to deal with different terrain conditions, rates of accessibility and visibility. In this paper we present how we approached the archaeological survey research at Sagalassos and how it developed through time. Via this retrospective view we want to shed light on the merits and shortcomings of our survey research, and what paths we want to set out for our future research.
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The ruins of the ancient city of Klazomenai are situated 35 kilometers from Izmir on the west coast of Turkey. Excavations have been carried out since 1979 by Turkish archaeologists from the Aegean University in Izmir. From 1986 until... more
The ruins of the ancient city of Klazomenai are situated 35 kilometers from Izmir on the west coast of Turkey. Excavations have been carried out since 1979 by Turkish archaeologists from the Aegean University in Izmir. From 1986 until 1991 two Dutch archaeologists, Jos Beelen and René van Beek, were part of a rare collaboration project between a Dutch foundation and a Turkish university and they joined in the excavations of the ancient settlement. They worked on the so-called Karantina island in cooperation with Turkish archaeologists. On many places on the island habitation dating to the Roman period was found. The excavations on the Karantina island were coordinated by the Klazomenai Foundation that was not linked to a Dutch university. Thanks to good connections with Dutch and Turkish authorities, permission for independent archaeological research on the Karantina island was given for several years. The way in which the Dutch part of the excavations in Klazomenai came about was unique and arose out of enthusiasm and the need to make archaeological research in Turkey accessible to the Dutch. Personal contacts and networks are still important for research of archaeological heritage.
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Prof. C.H. Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) was the first female professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Allard Pierson Museum. Thanks to her research on the sites and monuments in the Phrygian... more
Prof. C.H. Emilie Haspels (1894-1980) was the first female professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Allard Pierson Museum. Thanks to her research on the sites and monuments in the Phrygian Highlands she is still regarded as a Dutch pioneer in Anatolian archaeology. This article, however, focusses on her formative years while working in Greece on her PhD research on Attic black-figured pottery. As a foreign member of the French School in Athens, Haspels participated in many excavations of the British, German and the French schools. The documents from her personal archive in the Allard Pierson Museum allow us to portray a picture of a young Dutch archaeologist working in Greece in the 1930’s and give us an interesting insight in how she established herself in Mediterranean archaeology and created an international network.
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In 1992, I published a research report on the organization and financing of Dutch archaeological projects in the Mediterranean and the Near East. The research, which was carried out in the spring of 1991, aimed to identify the... more
In 1992, I published a research report on the organization and financing of Dutch archaeological projects in the Mediterranean and the Near East. The research, which was carried out in the spring of 1991, aimed to identify the institutions and individuals that were involved in the organization of such projects. Also, it hoped to show the financial structure behind these projects. For this edition of TMA, I have repeated this research. The main conclusion is that, actually, not very much has changed in 27 years. The number of projects is more or less the same, there is still an emphasis on Italy and Greece and the main institutions in 1991 are important also today. This coherent picture is somewhat surprising in view of the enormous changes that have occurred in the management and financing of archaeology outside academia. A plea is made for coordination and cooperation to embed our projects better within academic archaeology as a whole.
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This article analyses the Dutch intermezzo in the career of the famous Italian archaeologist Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli (1900-1975), who acted as extraordinary professor in Greek and Pre-Asian Archaeology at the Rijksuniversiteit... more
This article analyses the Dutch intermezzo in the career of the famous Italian archaeologist Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli (1900-1975), who acted as extraordinary professor in Greek and Pre-Asian Archaeology at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen from 1930 to 1933. It shows how the establishment of this chair in classical archaeology would not have been possible without both the initiative of the italophile widow Johanna Goekoop-De Jongh and the involvement of the Italian state. This case study not only shows how the Dutch fascination for both ancient and modern Italy often coincided, but above all wants to shed new light on the relationship between fascism and archaeology. The complex position of the individual intellectual becomes particularly clear in this foreign context, where Bandinelli had to assume the role of cultural diplomat, whether willingly or not.
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This paper is dedicated to the pioneering work of the Dutch archaeologist J.W. Salomonson, who systematically surveyed and excavated sites in Tunisia and Algeria from 1960 to 1972. Salomonson directed three Dutch-Tunisian excavation... more
This paper is dedicated to the pioneering work of the Dutch archaeologist J.W. Salomonson, who systematically surveyed and excavated sites in Tunisia and Algeria from 1960 to 1972. Salomonson directed three Dutch-Tunisian excavation campaigns in the Punic and Roman settlement of Uzita (Tunisia). These excavations remain the only documented investigations of Uzita. They revealed a high number of amphorae providing important typochronological data as well as information on the production sites of Punic transport containers. Moreover, Salomonson prospected many Algerian and Tunisian sites, collecting African Red Slip Ware from various Late Roman production centres. Salomonson was the first to use surveys as a tool for discovering potteries of African Red Slip Ware. The history of Salomonson’s pottery collection and its re-examination is part of the PhD theses of three of the authors and will open new lines of inquiry into ancient African ceramics.
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The National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden was founded in 1818. Its first director, Professor Caspar Reuvens (1793-1835), established the study of Archaeology in Leiden and tried to create an international museum. This article focuses... more
The National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden was founded in 1818. Its first director, Professor Caspar Reuvens (1793-1835), established the study of Archaeology in Leiden and tried to create an international museum. This article focuses on two Dutch officers, who contributed to the growth of the new museum. Colonel B.E.A. Rottiers (1771- 1857) acquired a fine collection of Greek sculptures in Athens (1819), which he sold to the museum. Between 1824 and 1826 he cruised the Aegean Sea in search for antiquities. He undertook an excavation on the isle of Melos. Colonel J.E. Humbert (1771-1839) was the first scientific excavator of Carthage. In 1817 he unearthed the Punic remains of the ancient city. Later, he undertook two expeditions to the Mediterranean: to Tunisia (1822-1824), where he excavated again in Carthage, and to Italy (1826-1830), where he bought important Etruscan and Egyptian collections for the museum in Leiden.
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In 2017 ancient Satricum (Lazio, Italy) has been subject of 40 years of scientific archaeological research. Reflections on this long-time research generally are focussed on the archaeological discoveries and their interpretations. At the... more
In 2017 ancient Satricum (Lazio, Italy) has been subject of 40 years of scientific archaeological research. Reflections on this long-time research generally are focussed on the archaeological discoveries and their interpretations. At the same time the long existence of the project offers possibilities for an historical overview of the organizational and bureaucratic practices related to archaeological research in the Mediterranean area. In this article a first step is taken towards an historical research of archaeological practices in the Mediterranean: what goes with it and in what way has it influenced the choices that were made and the knowledge that has been acquired.
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This introduction offers a concise overview of the discussions in the past three decades on how, and for what reasons, to write the history of archaeology. It is argued that the current urgency of this field of research is reflected in... more
This introduction offers a concise overview of the discussions in the past three decades on how, and for what reasons, to write the history of archaeology. It is argued that the current urgency of this field of research is reflected in post-colonial studies on the pitfalls of Eurocentrism as well as in heritage studies on the importance of inclusivity. The need for such a history is supported by the initiative of Platform Argos to initiate historiographical research on Mediterranean archaeology in the Low Countries. Thanks to this the contours of the archaeological domain in the Netherlands are becoming visible, while it also stresses the necessity of a more general discussion on methodological and theoretical approaches in the history of archaeology.
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This paper discusses the remarkable evolution of the department of Classical archaeology at the University of Groningen, which in the 1970’s developed from a small, predominantly (art-)historical institute to a research group with a... more
This paper discusses the remarkable evolution of the department of Classical archaeology at the University of Groningen, which in the 1970’s developed from a small, predominantly (art-)historical institute to a research group with a strong interest in pre-classical societies and an emphasis on primary fieldwork data. First, we present the Groningen archaeologists with an interest in the Mediterranean before the establishment of a permanent chair in Classical Archaeology in 1954 and show how they operated within an art-historical framework. We then highlight the researchers who shaped the process towards a more theoretically informed and practically based Mediterranean archaeology: from Annie Zadoks-Josephus Jitta (professor between 1954-1975), her successor Marianne Kleibrink (chair between 1975-2003), to the ‘Satricum-generation’ who learned the fieldwork ropes at this excavation in Central Italy between 1978-1989. We conclude with the enduring effect of the ‘protohistoric turn’ on the current research lines of Mediterranean archaeologists at the Groningen Institute of Archaeology.
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Since 1986 the radiocarbon dating laboratory of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (Brussels, Belgium) has been a partner of several museums and archaeological research units on the Balearic Islands. More than 1000 radiocarbon... more
Since 1986 the radiocarbon dating laboratory of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (Brussels, Belgium) has been a partner of several museums and archaeological research units on the Balearic Islands. More than 1000 radiocarbon dates have been made on Balearic material. In 2002, an exhibition was set up in collaboration with the museum at Velzeke entitled Between Tourist and Talaiot.
Besides the cooperation with local research groups, the laboratory has set up its own research projects; some of these on existing museum collections, some with new excavations. This includes studies on glass beads, paleodietary studies and pottery studies. Pioneering work was performed on the so-called lime burials.
Besides the cooperation with local research groups, the laboratory has set up its own research projects; some of these on existing museum collections, some with new excavations. This includes studies on glass beads, paleodietary studies and pottery studies. Pioneering work was performed on the so-called lime burials.
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Hendrik Leopold grew up in Gouda (The Netherlands), graduated in 1904 in Classics at Utrecht University and participated in 1906 in Vollgraff’s excavations at Argos (Greece). The next decade he lived as a journalist in Rome. At the... more
Hendrik Leopold grew up in Gouda (The Netherlands), graduated in 1904 in Classics at Utrecht University and participated in 1906 in Vollgraff’s excavations at Argos (Greece). The next decade he lived as a journalist in Rome. At the outbreak of World War I, Leopold turned back to The Netherlands, but in 1920 he became the first official archaeologist at the Dutch Historical Institute in Rome. This article sketches Leopold’s life and work with particular attention to his focus on Italian prehistoric studies and his relation to the discourse of Classical Archaeology at Dutch universities. Today, Leopold is mostly remembered for his popular newspaper columns and guided tours in Rome. It is argued, however, that the scientific impact of Leopold has been underestimated. He was an important participant observer of Italian prehistoric studies during the interbellum and his time ahead concerning the interdisciplinary and social nature of archaeology and its communication to the wider public.
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Throughout the history of the Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project, material studies have held a prominent position in archaeological studies regarding the development of the ancient city of Sagalassos and its surrounding... more
Throughout the history of the Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project, material studies have held a prominent position in archaeological studies regarding the development of the ancient city of Sagalassos and its surrounding hinterland. Pottery in particular, being the most frequently encountered material category has pre-eminently been the subject of much research. Ever since 2005, much of this work has been centred on and guided by the pottery template as a key methodological tool. Pottery templates are linked to stratigraphical units or loci, each consisting of an encompassing registration, description, and quantification of production-related, typological, provenance, functional, and chronological aspects of the associated ceramic assemblages. The platform continues to be incorporated in recent research avenues, fostering integration with a variety of existing and new metadata formats and epistemological developments within the Sagalassos Project.
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For centuries, Italy and Rome have appealed artists, clerics and scholars from the Low Countries. During the 19th century, sporadic contacts between Belgian and Italian early-Christian and prehistoric archaeologists started to constitute... more
For centuries, Italy and Rome have appealed artists, clerics and scholars from the Low Countries. During the 19th century, sporadic contacts between Belgian and Italian early-Christian and prehistoric archaeologists started to constitute a rather loose ‘archaeological’ network between Italy and Belgium. The foundation of the Belgian Historical Institute at Rome (BHIR) in 1902 and the Academia Belgica in 1939 laid a firm basis for the three long-term post-WWII Belgian archaeological excavations: Alba Fucens (Abruzzo), Ordona (Apulia) and Artena (Lazio). These projects were systematic and methodologically rigorous, had a diachronic and interdisciplinary approach and contributed substantially to the Romanisation debate in Italy. After the retirement of key-figure Professor Mertens (Universities of Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve) in 1986, smaller Italian-Belgian collaborations arose and new projects were started: among others the Potenza Valley Survey project (the Marche) (Ghent University), excavations at Ostia (Universities of Liège and Namur), at Grumentum (Brussels, VUB) and Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi (UCL). Up to now Belgian archaeological activity in Italy is characterised by an insider-outsider perspective: close collaboration with Italian archaeologists, but with a critical attitude, precisely because of their Belgian background.
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This article shows that the terraced sanctuaries at Praeneste and Tibur were inspired by their Eastern counterparts in Kos and Rhodes. In addition, it argues that Rome provided social, cultural and economic avenues for spreading these... more
This article shows that the terraced sanctuaries at Praeneste and Tibur were inspired by their Eastern counterparts in Kos and Rhodes. In addition, it argues that Rome provided social, cultural and economic avenues for spreading these architectural phenomena during the mid-second century BC Mediterranean. Given the wealth of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Romans sought to be involved in foreign trade, forming partnerships with provincial Italics. In fact, they became increasingly present in the Eastern Mediterranean as mercatores and upon their return, they became involved in the reconstruction of the sanctuaries at Praeneste and Tibur. In this context, scholars have postulated that the emulation of Roman models was a source of inspiration for their reconstruction. While the Urbs could not offer any parallels for the Praenestine and Tiburtine sanctuaries, the evidence of the mercatores’ involvement in the East was a key factor in identifying the Asklepieion on Kos and the sanctuary of Athena Lindia on Rhodes as their prototypes. Lastly, this article examines the motivations behind the reconstructions, which was a reassertion of local civic pride in light of Rome’s hegemony
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Healing centres in Ancient Greece (ca. 500-200 BC) are located away from heavily populated areas, such as urban centres and sanctuaries. It seems that these healing centres have consciously been placed in therapeutic landscapes,... more
Healing centres in Ancient Greece (ca. 500-200 BC) are located away from heavily populated areas, such as urban centres and sanctuaries. It seems that these healing centres have consciously been placed in therapeutic landscapes, characterised by the presence of green space, fresh-water springs and scenic views. By analysing the healing centres by using the four aspects taken from the ‘therapeutic landscape’ concept by Gesler (2003), it is concluded that these locations have been purposely chosen. The underlying factors of this choice allow for stress-reduction (Stress Reduction Theory) and are therefore an asset for faster healing. This conclusion is based on an interdisciplinary approach, integrating data from archaeology, social geography and ancient history.
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The excavations at Tell Abu Sarbut (2012-2015) have revealed a building and the courtyard of another building from the Early Roman period (first century BC to second century AD). The building consisted of five rooms around a central... more
The excavations at Tell Abu Sarbut (2012-2015) have revealed a building and the courtyard of another building from the Early Roman period (first century BC to second century AD). The building consisted of five rooms around a central courtyard. Many complete pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as limestone beakers, so-called Herodian lamps, terra sigillata sherds and fragments of glass vessels. The pottery repertoire was simple and consisted of cooking pots, small bowls, and small and large jars. Several different types of cooking pots were found lying together on the floors. A large number of limestone beaker fragments was retrieved from these layers.
The excavations revealed that Tell Abu Sarbut was settled for the first time in the Late Hellenistic or Early Roman period when the Jordan Valley was used to produce food for the inhabitants of the Decapolis cities, especially Pella. A long sequence of walls and floors from the Early Roman period has been uncovered. The settlement seems to have been abandoned due to an earthquake or large fire, as the uppermost floors were sealed with a thick layer of heavily burnt debris. Only in the Abbasid (eighth to tenth century) and the Mamluk (thirteenth to sixteenth century) periods, the site was inhabited again.
The excavations revealed that Tell Abu Sarbut was settled for the first time in the Late Hellenistic or Early Roman period when the Jordan Valley was used to produce food for the inhabitants of the Decapolis cities, especially Pella. A long sequence of walls and floors from the Early Roman period has been uncovered. The settlement seems to have been abandoned due to an earthquake or large fire, as the uppermost floors were sealed with a thick layer of heavily burnt debris. Only in the Abbasid (eighth to tenth century) and the Mamluk (thirteenth to sixteenth century) periods, the site was inhabited again.
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In this article, the increasingly problematic discrepancy between (archaeological) academic practice and the primary function of universities is highlighted. By law, Dutch universities are obliged to communicate the outcome of their... more
In this article, the increasingly problematic discrepancy between (archaeological) academic practice and the primary function of universities is highlighted. By law, Dutch universities are obliged to communicate the outcome of their research as quickly as possible to as wide an audience as possible. Several examples however, make clear that academics studying the ancient world are failing to do this. Especially problematic are national and international plans to terminate studies with limited job opportunities (i.e. the humanities in general), and the public’s increasing scepticism towards scientific claims (most notably climate change). Lendering identifies several factors contributing to this public scepticism, and in doing so formulates ways to restore our practice to its primary function.
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This article examines the subject of ‘public monuments’ from an epigraphical perspective to provide a better understanding of the function of these monuments that seems to have been particular for Asia Minor in the Hellenistic and... more
This article examines the subject of ‘public monuments’ from an epigraphical perspective to provide a better understanding of the function of these monuments that seems to have been particular for Asia Minor in the Hellenistic and Imperial period. This is the function of Schriftträger and concerns the publication of collections of civic inscriptions on pre-existing buildings. In this article two examples from the Carian city of Iasos are discussed – the theatre, and the stoa of Poseidon and the archeion – to illustrate how public monuments turned into important civic places of memory through the presence of documents essential to the civic community on their walls. Besides this phenomenon, several characteristics of the Iasian epigraphic habit are discussed, such as the publication clauses, the different locations of publication, and the type of documents concerned.
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The influence of monumental construction on its human and material surroundings can be explored excellently in the context of Late Middle and Late Bronze Age (LBA) Mycenaean Greece. The overall aim of the ‘SETinSTONE’ project is precisely... more
The influence of monumental construction on its human and material surroundings can be explored excellently in the context of Late Middle and Late Bronze Age (LBA) Mycenaean Greece. The overall aim of the ‘SETinSTONE’ project is precisely this: to assess if and how monumental building activities in LBA Greece impacted the political and socio-economic structures of the Mycenaean polities in the period between 1600 and 1100 BC, and how people responded to changes in these structures. We are especially concerned with the processes and practices that created such monumental and public works in the Aegean Late Middle to LBA Argolid and how these compare to contemporary structures from both Attica and Achaia.
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Roman society was highly hierarchical and its elite class was in constant search of means to showcase, maintain and increase their power and prestige. Sponsoring the construction and decoration of monumental, public architecture was one... more
Roman society was highly hierarchical and its elite class was in constant search of means to showcase, maintain and
increase their power and prestige. Sponsoring the construction and decoration of monumental, public architecture was
one of the most powerful material means for this. Monumental public architecture was often decorated excessively. The
orchestra and scaenae frons of the Roman theatre stand out as the object of benefaction par excellence.
For the architectural decoration of Roman theatres in the Western Mediterranean area, white marble elements (capitals, column bases, cornices, etc.) were generally combined with elements in coloured marbles (column shafts and
wall and floor veneer), thus creating an impressive polychromatic effect. In Southern France and Italy, this effect was
achieved by using marbles imported from Greece, the Aegean Islands, Asia Minor and North Africa. On the Iberian
Peninsula, locally and regionally available marbles (white and coloured) were combined with imported stones. From the
second century AD onwards, valuable marbles from the Eastern Desert in Egypt were imported and incorporated in the
decoration of the theatres in the Western Mediterranean.
increase their power and prestige. Sponsoring the construction and decoration of monumental, public architecture was
one of the most powerful material means for this. Monumental public architecture was often decorated excessively. The
orchestra and scaenae frons of the Roman theatre stand out as the object of benefaction par excellence.
For the architectural decoration of Roman theatres in the Western Mediterranean area, white marble elements (capitals, column bases, cornices, etc.) were generally combined with elements in coloured marbles (column shafts and
wall and floor veneer), thus creating an impressive polychromatic effect. In Southern France and Italy, this effect was
achieved by using marbles imported from Greece, the Aegean Islands, Asia Minor and North Africa. On the Iberian
Peninsula, locally and regionally available marbles (white and coloured) were combined with imported stones. From the
second century AD onwards, valuable marbles from the Eastern Desert in Egypt were imported and incorporated in the
decoration of the theatres in the Western Mediterranean.
Research Interests:
In Antiquity, public space was used as part of the construction of cultural identities which could be multi-faceted. The Upper Agora of the Pisidian city of Sagalassos (southwestern Turkey) was such a dynamic space with a rich collection... more
In Antiquity, public space was used as part of the construction of cultural identities which could be multi-faceted. The
Upper Agora of the Pisidian city of Sagalassos (southwestern Turkey) was such a dynamic space with a rich collection of
images, inscribed texts and monuments that contributed to the construction of local and regional identities. It was the
space where, through the use of monuments, images and symbols, these identities were acted out to remind the community at large of who they were.
This paper presents results of a research project that studies the Upper Agora as an architectural mirror of the processes of urbanisation that unfolded at Sagalassos. Urban development was one of the tools in the hands of the locals for the
creation and display of identity, and by examining its constituting elements, the paper aims to establish the successive
waves of urbanisation and their role in the articulation of different identity-aspects.
Upper Agora of the Pisidian city of Sagalassos (southwestern Turkey) was such a dynamic space with a rich collection of
images, inscribed texts and monuments that contributed to the construction of local and regional identities. It was the
space where, through the use of monuments, images and symbols, these identities were acted out to remind the community at large of who they were.
This paper presents results of a research project that studies the Upper Agora as an architectural mirror of the processes of urbanisation that unfolded at Sagalassos. Urban development was one of the tools in the hands of the locals for the
creation and display of identity, and by examining its constituting elements, the paper aims to establish the successive
waves of urbanisation and their role in the articulation of different identity-aspects.
Research Interests:
When approaching Roman bathhouses from within a larger chronological framework, they often figure as an apogee of collective baths, with the Greek-Hellenistic baths as prelude and the Late Antique and Medieval baths as epilogue. However,... more
When approaching Roman bathhouses from within a larger chronological framework, they often figure as an apogee
of collective baths, with the Greek-Hellenistic baths as prelude and the Late Antique and Medieval baths as epilogue.
However, if we look at the cultural basis of for development and success of the Roman bathhouse, we must admit that
the ideas about the power of water and its effects on the human body go back further. Mediterranean bathing habits
were shaped by medical theories about the human body, not only in the Greek-Hellenistic and Roman period, but also in
Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval and Islamic Period. The construction activity of bathhouses, however, is mainly
dependent on the economic context. Therefore, the boom of large and luxurious bath buildings during the High Empire
has distorted our view of a bathing habit that is much more continuous over the longue durée
of collective baths, with the Greek-Hellenistic baths as prelude and the Late Antique and Medieval baths as epilogue.
However, if we look at the cultural basis of for development and success of the Roman bathhouse, we must admit that
the ideas about the power of water and its effects on the human body go back further. Mediterranean bathing habits
were shaped by medical theories about the human body, not only in the Greek-Hellenistic and Roman period, but also in
Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval and Islamic Period. The construction activity of bathhouses, however, is mainly
dependent on the economic context. Therefore, the boom of large and luxurious bath buildings during the High Empire
has distorted our view of a bathing habit that is much more continuous over the longue durée
Research Interests:
Urban elites in the Hellenistic and Roman East often contributed as benefactors to public buildings in their cities. In this paper, I argue that the historical importance of these contributions does not lie primarily in the economic... more
Urban elites in the Hellenistic and Roman East often contributed as benefactors to public buildings in their cities. In this paper, I argue that the historical importance of these contributions does not lie primarily in the economic sphere but in the sphere of politics. Hellenistic and Roman-era Greek cities have often been portrayed as stifling oligarchies. If this view is correct, one would expect elite contributions to public buildings to reflect such an oligarchic political culture. Closer inspection of elite gifts towards buildings in the Roman East has revealed, however, that civic elites primarily contributed to the upkeep of a public “architecture of collectivism” that reflects the traditional political and cultural ideals of the Greek polis.
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Excavations at Chlorakas-Palloures, Cyprus, have yielded the remains of a substantial Middle to Late Chalcolithic settlement. Thus far the material remains comprise of stone walls, plaster floors, ground stone installations, many ceramic,... more
Excavations at Chlorakas-Palloures, Cyprus, have yielded the remains of a substantial Middle to Late Chalcolithic settlement. Thus far the material remains comprise of stone walls, plaster floors, ground stone installations, many ceramic, lithic and ground stone artifacts, a few metal objects and several human burials. Similar, largely contemporary settlements have been excavated in the surrounding area. These have been described to be relatively homogeneous in layout and house variability. A reassessment of these settlements and the results from Palloures challenge this notion. Additionally, differences in raw material sources between settlements indicate that there was also significant inter- settlement variation. To clarify and illustrate these issues, in this article the results from the first two seasons of excavation at Palloures are presented and discussed in their regional context.
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This article discusses the problematic relationship between Herodotus’ account of Xerxes’ invasion of Greece and the archaeological record. It introduces the term ‘archaeology of hate’ to refer to interpretations of material culture... more
This article discusses the problematic relationship between Herodotus’ account of Xerxes’ invasion of Greece and the archaeological record. It introduces the term ‘archaeology of hate’ to refer to interpretations of material culture (whether justified or not) which confirm certain notions of enmity. This term may apply both to ancient commentators reflecting on ruined buildings and other structures in the landscape, but also to modern archaeology, which sometimes attributes destruction to certain actors as a result of uncritical usage of the historical record, and in response to political concerns. The article next reviews this ‘archaeology of hate’ for the Persian Wars as it appears in historical sources from the Roman period, and ends with the problematic nature of the archaeological evidence for the destruction reported by Herodotus for Eleusis, the Acropolis and sites in Phocis.
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This article explores the practice of dedicating honorary statues in the Roman world and, more specifically, the forum as ultimate setting for these statues. The main purpose is to reconstruct, on the basis of case studies in modern... more
This article explores the practice of dedicating honorary statues in the Roman world and, more specifically, the forum as ultimate setting for these statues. The main purpose is to reconstruct, on the basis of case studies in modern Italy, how places of statues can be localized archaeologically and where these honorary statues were situated. Determining their exact placement can enable us to reconstruct social hierarchy and some of the power relations within Roman society. The potential of combining written evidence, invasive archaeological methods and to a lesser extent urban survey methods within the study of honorary statues on Roman fora are presented here.
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Ongoing research on the impact of the Avellino eruption on Early Bronze Age migration to the southern basins of Lazio, where the distal Avellino tephra is preserved, aims for a palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Early Bronze Age... more
Ongoing research on the impact of the Avellino eruption on Early Bronze Age migration to the southern basins of Lazio, where the distal Avellino tephra is preserved, aims for a palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Early Bronze Age landscape. This reconstruction pinpoints locations where both the chance of tephra preservation and Early Bronze Age habitation are highest. A suitability map indicates those areas: fluvial levees, lake edges and infilled palaeovalleys. Additionally, initial palaeo-ecological analysis of peat in the Fondi basin shows that tephra deposition did have a local effect on vegetation, but a limited effect on regional vegetation, while the overall human signal in the pollen re-cord is weak. This suggests that the Pontine plain was thinly populated during and directly after the Avellino event. Nevertheless, the suitability map can be used to investigate yet unknown locations for Early Bronze Age stratigraphy.
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Archaeological cave research is a highly specialized discipline with a strong focus on local detail, in which geophysical methods are only marginally applied for prospection. This article presents an experimental project to test the... more
Archaeological cave research is a highly specialized discipline with a strong focus on local detail, in which geophysical methods are only marginally applied for prospection. This article presents an experimental project to test the appli-cation of two common geophysical techniques, ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity, for the detection of prehistoric deposits in limestone caves. Four partially excavated caves in Central Italy were selected with typical cave situations: high ceilings, low ceilings, fine cave sediments, rock debris, and collapsed rooms. The available archaeological documentation of the caves provided an interpretative framework for the geophysical data. The work and results in the four caves are presented, as well as an outlook to the wider use of geophysical techniques in cave research.
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The earliest attempts to identify economic and edible plants from Pompeii came from ancient textual and art historical research. However, in more recent excavations of the site’s bicentennial ‘archaeological history’, a handful of... more
The earliest attempts to identify economic and edible plants from Pompeii came from ancient textual and art historical research. However, in more recent excavations of the site’s bicentennial ‘archaeological history’, a handful of influential publications on the archaeobotanical evidence, mainly from material in the storerooms, have been produced and added key information to this discussion. This growing corpus of data, in combination with the legacy archaeobotanical record, has shed new light on the diachronic patterns of food and cuisine for the city of Pompeii, regarding it as a fully urban consumer society by the first century AD within the Roman Empire. This article synthesizes the available legacy and recent archaeobotanical evidence that both testifies to the established ‘standard’ Mediterranean diet for Pompeii and demonstrates changes in the number and diversity of plant species recovered. These changes represent a significant shift in the economic division of the city’s inhabitants, and therefore its history.
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For a good understanding of ancient food economies, quantitative data are indispensable. Quantitative data on variables such as income, taxes and food prices can aid us in reconstructing living standards, socioeconomic inequality and... more
For a good understanding of ancient food economies, quantitative data are indispensable. Quantitative data on variables such as income, taxes and food prices can aid us in reconstructing living standards, socioeconomic inequality and economic performance in past societies, and even allow comparisons through time and space. This contribution quantifies data on grain shipments and sailors’ rations from the recto of P. Amiens + P. Baldwin (Ramesside period, mid-20th Dynasty). The text records the transport of grain by a fleet of 21 cargo vessels belonging to the temple of Amen-Re at Karnak that was supplied by various domains. This paper quantifies the volume, weight, edible weight and corresponding energetic value of the cargo and calculates the minimum size of the domains and number of individuals that could be fed with these grain deliveries. The rations of the sailors are also quantified and compared with wages and prices from Deir el Medina. This paper also demonstrates that, contrary to common scholarly opinion, emmer wheat was more expensive than barley during the Ramesside period.
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The texts of the ancient agronomists elucidate that Roman farmers knew of many ways in which to train and cultivate the vine. An important distinction in Latin literature is the use of the terms vinea, the classic intensive vineyard, and... more
The texts of the ancient agronomists elucidate that Roman farmers knew of many ways in which to train and cultivate the vine. An important distinction in Latin literature is the use of the terms vinea, the classic intensive vineyard, and arbustum, an extensive growing system in combination with cereal culture and fruticulture. This article briefly discusses the pros and cons of both techniques and their respective applications in Roman Italy. Through an enlightening survey of the arbustum in the agricultural manuals of Varro, Columella and Pliny, and by making comparisons with the later alberata system in 15th-20th century AD Italy, the author argues that the importance and the distribution of this vine cultivation technique in Roman Italy has long been undervalued.
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Fuel is a little considered part of the ancient economy. The production and consumption of food constituted one of the major uses of fuel in the Greco-Roman world. It was required on an industrial scale in bakeries, temples and probably... more
Fuel is a little considered part of the ancient economy. The production and consumption of food constituted one of the major uses of fuel in the Greco-Roman world. It was required on an industrial scale in bakeries, temples and probably bars, but it was also required daily in people’s homes mostly for cooking food (in the kitchen, and in the triclinium), and also for sacrificing to the Lares. Wood and wood charcoal were the main fuels in the Roman world, but non-wood fuels including agricultural waste (especially olive pressings), were also consumed. This paper reviews the types of fuel used in the preparation of food, both commercially and domestically, with reference to examples from the Greco-Roman world, especially Pompeii. The relative heat values of different fuels are discussed, together with an overview of the supply constraints and probable volumes required.
Research Interests: Pompeii (Archaeology), Wood (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Pompeii, Roman food and drink, and 7 moreCharcoal, Archaeological wood, plant fiber and charcoal identification, Fuel, Fire and Heat in archaeological contexts, Wood Charcoal, Roman Archaeology, Triclinium, and Archaeology of Fuel
In the Sub-Mycenaean and Protogeometric periods (1100-900 BC) the old Mycenaean world was changing. Social structure, material culture, and diet underwent varying degrees of transformation. This paper focuses on dietary changes during the... more
In the Sub-Mycenaean and Protogeometric periods (1100-900 BC) the old Mycenaean world was changing. Social structure, material culture, and diet underwent varying degrees of transformation. This paper focuses on dietary changes during the post-Mycenaean period in the Greek mainland. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses conducted on human bone collagen indicate diversity in dietary practices both within and between communities in Thessaly. While the data show that the diet largely consisted of C3 resources, a significant C4 signal is also apparent. Furthermore, animal protein consumption is high, but in variable proportions at each site. Archaeozoological and archaeobotanical studies help understand the food economy, while the study of the social structure sheds more light on the cause of the dietary variation observed.
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This paper aims to assess the accessibility of pepper to average Roman consumers in terms of price by quantifying the cost of ‘meaningful’ culinary pepper consumption. To this end, by performing measurements on modern pepper samples, we... more
This paper aims to assess the accessibility of pepper to average Roman consumers in terms of price by quantifying the cost of ‘meaningful’ culinary pepper consumption. To this end, by performing measurements on modern pepper samples, we first quantify Roman pepper prices and units of measurement more concretely. What was the cost of a peppercorn, and how many were there to the libra and other units? We then define and quantify ‘meaningful’ pepper consumption using modern consumption statistics and cooking data. Subsequently we compare these data to Roman incomes. We show that, if only looking at price, regular culinary pepper consumption would even have been possible for lower income consumers. In addition, we also used our method to quantify the value of amounts of pepper in literary sources and archaeological finds. We look in more detail at Apicius’ De Re Coquinaria, which features many recipes with infeasibly high quantities of pepper. We show that in most recipes where the amount of pepper is explicitly quantified and large, whole peppercorns instead of ground pepper was used. We show that this excessive yet inefficient usage of pepper as ‘garnish’ is a form of conspicuous consumption. We argue this may be a response to normal, efficient pepper use, becoming too commonplace and not distinctive enough for elites. We also explore the price difference between the different types of pepper the Romans consumed. We explain these differences from the perspective of production cost through assessing traditional production processes and agronomic statistics.
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In this paper we present the results of the archaeobotanical analysis of impressions of plant remains encountered in the profile and on the surface of clay fragments of ṭāwabīn. The fragments originate from Mamluk contexts at the site of... more
In this paper we present the results of the archaeobotanical analysis of impressions of plant remains encountered in the profile and on the surface of clay fragments of ṭāwabīn. The fragments originate from Mamluk contexts at the site of Tall Hisban located in southern Bilad as-Sham (modern Jordan and Palestine). This study models the formation process of the botanical component of the ṭābūn as a context and explores the underlying processes explaining the presence of the different kinds of impressions. After providing a description of the ṭābūn and consulting historical and ethnographic descriptions, we present our model and interpret the results of the archaeobotanical analysis through it. Furthermore, the archaeobotanical data obtained from the analysis of ṭābūn fragments helps contribute to the knowledge of the Tall Hisban food economy. The importance of barley at the site during this period is not only reflected through ṭābūn fragments, but more importantly are proxies for economic activities in the village.
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Famine in the Roman world was not an on and off phenomenon, as there was a continuous fluctuation between times of relative scarcity and abundance. The poor regularly ate so-called famine foods, and many died of deprivation, under... more
Famine in the Roman world was not an on and off phenomenon, as there was a continuous fluctuation between times of relative scarcity and abundance. The poor regularly ate so-called famine foods, and many died of deprivation, under ‘normal’ conditions. In times of hardship or bounty, the consumption of inferior foods and the threat of death ascended or descended the rungs of the social ladder indiscriminately, demarcating no clear boundary between famine and normality. Fodder and other famine foods kept many individuals alive, but could not ward off the effects of starvation in the worst of crises. Food shortages caused mass mobility, which in turn led to the rise of epidemic diseases. The comparison with later times shows that most victims of famines died of infectious diseases rather than starvation and that all social classes died at the same rate – a phenomenon that was observed by ancient authors too.
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Although domestic fowl is often found at Italian archaeological sites at least from the sixth century BC onwards, it became widespread only in the Roman period. Throughout the Middle Ages, chicken played an important role in the Italian... more
Although domestic fowl is often found at Italian archaeological sites at least from the sixth century BC onwards, it became widespread only in the Roman period. Throughout the Middle Ages, chicken played an important role in the Italian food economy as attested by the substantial number of bones of this bird recovered from archaeological contexts. This study is focused on the identification of trends in chicken exploitation that can be linked to production and/or consumption. The analysis of bone assemblages shows an increase in the frequency of chickens from the 13th century onwards. In urban contexts, which reflect consumption rather than production, anatomical parts with a higher meat value are more frequent. Chickens were probably bred at rural sites, as attested by age and sex evidence. Early medieval chickens from Rome appear to have had the largest body size. The requirements of the market did not seem to have imposed an increase in chicken size in later centuries.
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The origin of polis is a commonly used narrative for scholars studying community formation in the Eastern Mediterranean, especially for the Hellenistic period. However, this narrative tends to favour certain ‘hellenocentric’ biases. It... more
The origin of polis is a commonly used narrative for scholars studying community formation in the Eastern Mediterranean, especially for the Hellenistic period. However, this narrative tends to favour certain ‘hellenocentric’ biases. It would be better to use a social complexity approach. Social complexity is studied here through an analysis of interactive forces steering institutional development and change on the macro-level of social organisation. The workings of some of these forces are presented here through some examples from the material culture of Sagalassos and Düzen Tepe, two nearby settlements located in Pisidia in Southwest Anatolia. The presented argument illustrates the potential of this type of research and is to serve as a first step towards a full examination of social complexity in past societies.
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This paper discusses the inherently assumed relationship between surface and sub-surface finds. By focusing on a specific site-class, i.e. the Republican farmstead (sixth – first century BC), the author aims to re-assess the use of... more
This paper discusses the inherently assumed relationship between surface and sub-surface finds. By focusing on a specific site-class, i.e. the Republican farmstead (sixth – first century BC), the author aims to re-assess the use of site-classes and add to the general theoretical discussion on the comparability of both methodologies. The dataset is comprised of a variety of archaeological projects: field surveys, excavations and comparative studies. Combined, these projects give insight into the practice of site-labeling, material interpretation and data-publication. The analysis shows how the practice of classification works within both methodologies. Special attention is given to the defining site-type characteristics (e.g. the presence/absence of object-classes and site-size). Unfortunately, the author has to conclude that a true definition of the discussed site-class, spanning both survey and excavation practices, remains elusive, as both methodologies implement extremely different site-classes. The methodological issues that the project raises however provide a detailed insight into the inner workings of site-classification practices, and pave the way for further standardisation in publication and site-classification.
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The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the awareness of the intrinsic link between landscape and human actions both in archaeological research and in the modern globalizing world. This research introduces the... more
The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the awareness of the intrinsic link between landscape and human actions both in archaeological research and in the modern globalizing world. This research introduces the application of sustainable resource models to the evidence of Roman urbanism to identify what forces shaped ancient water use. By creating this urban dialogue across two millennia a more tessellated view is given of Roman water usage that emphasizes the flexibility, continuity, and cultural forces of ancient water use. The city of Ostia has been chosen as the case study for this project, given the wealth of archaeological and natural water features present at the site. Within Ostia, a well preserved city block (insula IV, ii) is studied in high definition to recreate its water system over time. This has revealed four distinct, albeit fragmentary snapshots of the acquisition, distribution, and drainage of water. It is hoped that this dialogue between ancient and modern urbanism can provide valuable insights into what forces shaped and continue to influence the way we use and think about our valuable natural resources.
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This study investigates the production of Oenotrian Geometric pottery, also known as matt-painted pottery, during the Early Iron Age at three sites of the Sibaritide region in Northern Calabria, Italy (Francavilla Marittima, Torre... more
This study investigates the production of Oenotrian Geometric pottery, also known as matt-painted pottery, during the Early Iron Age at three sites of the Sibaritide region in Northern Calabria, Italy (Francavilla Marittima, Torre Mordillo and Castrovillari). The main purpose of the research is to identify the chaîne opératoire of this decorated pottery category, and to identify its modes of production through the application of macroscopic, microscopic and X-ray analyses. In this way a representative sample of the full range of shapes produced in the period between the second half of the ninth and seventh centuries BC was investigated, taken from different functional contexts (domestic, funerary and ritual). The approach chosen allowed to determine various partly contemporary modes of production that over time evolved from handmade to wheel-turning manufacture. Based on these observations, aspects of the changing practical and social organization underlying the production of Geometric pottery in the Sibaritide could be inferred as well as the distribution of specific productions within the Sibaritide and outside of it.
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This paper discusses the influence of Marxist thought on prehistoric research in Italy. It provides a brief overview of theoretical developments in Italian prehistoric and protohistoric research in the 20th century, before zooming in on... more
This paper discusses the influence of Marxist thought on prehistoric research in Italy. It provides a brief overview of theoretical developments in Italian prehistoric and protohistoric research in the 20th century, before zooming in on the ideals and political engagement of a group of young archaeologists in post-Second World War Rome. While most members of this group dropped their Marxist theories in the 1980s, Marx’ thoughts remained influential in the research group centered around Renato Peroni (1930-2010). This lasting influence is illustrated by a review of Peroni’s work in Calabria (Southern Italy). Finally, Peroni’s model for protohistoric societies in Calabria is discussed in the light of recent discoveries and theoretical developments.
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The Battle of Marathon was not immortalised because of its historical relevance, but because of how its ‘afterlife’ was treated in landscape, literature, iconography, sports, and politics. Both in Antiquity, as well as by scholars today,... more
The Battle of Marathon was not immortalised because of its historical relevance, but because of how its ‘afterlife’ was treated in landscape, literature, iconography, sports, and politics. Both in Antiquity, as well as by scholars today, it has been claimed that the battle was a decisive moment in the history of the free, democratic, western world. The fact that ceremonies are still being held at the tumulus of the fallen 192 Athenian hoplites, keeping the (collective) memory of the significance of the Battle alive, makes it clear that even after 25 centuries Marathon still actively functions as a lieu de mémoire.
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This article explores the biography of the Dying Niobid, a Classical Greek statue that was found in Rome. A great body of Greek statues was brought to Rome during the last two centuries BC, where many of them were displayed for centuries.... more
This article explores the biography of the Dying Niobid, a Classical Greek statue that was found in Rome. A great body of Greek statues was brought to Rome during the last two centuries BC, where many of them were displayed for centuries. Previous research has mainly studied these statues as representatives of Greek culture. However, when studying the Dying Niobid through time it becomes clear that this sculpture has functioned in a variety of contexts; the Classical Greek context being just one of them. Writing a cultural biography of this object enables us to take all these contexts into consideration and illustrate how meaning, values and functions change as the object makes its way through space and time.
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This article aims to add a partially new view onto the interpretation of the Tanagra figurines. These figurines were produced in the Hellenistic period (ca. 330-200 BC) and were widely distributed across the Mediterranean. Their... more
This article aims to add a partially new view onto the interpretation of the Tanagra figurines. These figurines were produced in the Hellenistic period (ca. 330-200 BC) and were widely distributed across the Mediterranean. Their appearance is appealing, even to the modern eye. In the nineteenth century, sites were looted to meet the high demand for these beautiful figurines. Since hardly any of the figurines have been found in situ, interpretation of the (social-cultural) meaning of the female figures is difficult. This article discusses information from different sites and find contexts in order to reconstruct the social meaning of the Tanagras. Information from find contexts in graves, houses and a sanctuary are used to sketch the picture of figurines used as vessels to invoke religious presence even though their appearance is quite secular. I argue that the figurines represent everyday women, rather than a goddess. The Tanagras seem to be a representation of an ideal for these everyday women. And their presence in a house, grave or sanctuary invokes the help of a goddess in order to become this ideal woman. Tanagras represent the hope of being and becoming something, or rather someone: a mother and wife. This article will argue for a review of the meaning of the Tanagra figurines, towards this new interpretation.
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From 550 BC, Attic painters started to depict women on symposion images. Although women are only seen on a small percentage of symposion images, they are always shown performing a range of activities. This article aims at understanding... more
From 550 BC, Attic painters started to depict women on symposion images. Although women are only seen on a small percentage of symposion images, they are always shown performing a range of activities. This article aims at understanding the role of women on symposion images through iconographic analysis of 45 red-figure vases from the Attica region from the period 530-440 BC. This study has shown that females on symposion images can be divided into three categories: women in serving, entertaining and participating roles. Furthermore, it appears that not all women had an equal status or an equivalent degree of freedom. Despite the level of freedom for women shown on symposion images, full control remains with the men. The images often show women having explicit physical contact with men, giving symposion images depicting women on red-figure pottery an erotic character.
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Review by Elisabeth van ’t Lindenhout
Review by Annette M. Hansen
Review by Tamara M. Dijkstra
Review by Yannick de Raaff
Review by Frits Heinrich
Review by Ester Salgarella
Review by Tymon de Haas
Review by Dies van der Linde
PhD research (University of Groningen and STARC - The Cyprus Institute)
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Promotieonderzoek (Universiteit Leiden)
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Introduction by Safoora Kamjan
Introduction by Wieke de Neef
Introduction by Alex Brandsen
Introduction by Tesse D. Stek, Jesús García Sánchez & André Carneiro
Introduction by Jill Hilditch
Introduction by Sam Heijnen
Introduction by Iris Rom
Introduction by Lennart Kruijer
Introduction by Peter Attema, Remco Bronkhorst, Nikolaas Noorda, Frans van Hoesel & Pjotr Svetachov
Research Interests: Archaic Italy, Latium vetus, Iron Age Italy, Italian Pre- and Protohistory, Technology and 3D Visualisation for Scientific Research in Archaeology, and 7 moreCrustumerium, Central Italy, 3D Analysis in Archaeology, 3D Analysis, 3D Modeling (Archaeology), 3D Documentation In Archaeology, and Archaeology of Central Italy
Introduction by Rocco Palermo
Introduction by Arianna Sacco
Introduction by Judith Jurjens
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology) is a Dutch journal that has been publishing current Mediterranean archaeological research since 1988. Issues appear twice a year, one of which is dedicated to... more
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology) is a Dutch journal that has been publishing current Mediterranean archaeological research since 1988. Issues appear twice a year, one of which is dedicated to a theme such as landscape archaeology, gender, architecture, or religion.
TMA's 60th issue marks our 30th anniversary. In the past decades, Mediterranean archaeology has changed considerably in the Dutch-speaking academic world. We highlight some of these changes, relating to the magazine as well as to the discipline.
TMA's 60th issue marks our 30th anniversary. In the past decades, Mediterranean archaeology has changed considerably in the Dutch-speaking academic world. We highlight some of these changes, relating to the magazine as well as to the discipline.
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Research Interests: Iconography, Space Syntax, Mediterranean prehistory, Ostia (Archaeology), Archaeology of Architecture, and 11 moreAegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, Digital reconstruction (Archaeology), Iconology, Mediterranean archaeology, Gallo-roman archaeology, Archaic Italy, 3d Reconstructions in Archaeology, Roman Architecture, Roman Art, and Roman Archaeology
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Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) nodigt beginnende en gevestigde onderzoekers uit om een abstract in te dienen voor een artikel in de 64ste uitgave van TMA, dat gewijd zal zijn aan ‘Crisis in de mediterrane wereld’. In... more
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) nodigt beginnende en gevestigde onderzoekers uit om een abstract in te dienen voor een artikel in de 64ste uitgave van TMA, dat gewijd zal zijn aan ‘Crisis in de mediterrane wereld’.
In tijden van crisis wordt een samenleving gedwongen te breken met het ‘normale’ dagelijkse handelen. Hoe reageert een samenleving op de effecten van crisis en hoe wordt er naar herstel gezocht?
Binnen de archeologie is verandering in vondstassemblages de belangrijkste indicator voor verandering in een samenleving. Echter, verandering staat niet altijd gelijk aan crisis. Tegelijkertijd is niet elke crisis archeologisch zichtbaar (epidemieën laten vaak geen sporen na in skeletten of tanden, bijvoorbeeld) en zijn er duidelijke veranderingen waarvoor de oorzaak moeilijk aanwijsbaar is of waarover de verklaringen al decennialang veranderen. Een schoolvoorbeeld zijn de vele verklaringen voor het einde van de Myceense samenleving.
Het themanummer van onze 32ste jaargang staat open voor al deze verschillende vormen van crisis en voor oorzaken van (mogelijke) veranderingen en wil daarmee de mogelijkheden en de limieten van archeologisch onderzoek in beeld brengen.
We verwelkomen bijdragen in de vorm van zowel casestudies als theoretische benaderingen die betrekking hebben op de archeologie van de mediterrane wereld en haar aangrenzende gebieden. Hierbij valt ook te denken aan onderzoek met een historische of epigrafische inslag.
Richtlijnen en tijdlijn
Geïnteresseerden worden gevraagd om uiterlijk dinsdag 31 maart een e-mail te sturen naar secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Zij hebben dan tot 15 april om een voorlopige titel, een abstract van ca. 250 woorden en een korte auteursomschrijving in te dienen. Artikelen in TMA worden geschreven in het Nederlands en hebben een omvang van 1500-3000 woorden. Verdere richtlijnen zijn te vinden op onze website via tijdschrift.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Expression of interest: 31 maart 2020
Deadline abstracts: 15 april 2020
Deadline artikel: 31 augustus 2020
Publicatie TMA 64: winter 2020/2021
Introducties op nieuw onderzoek
Voor onderzoekers die recent begonnen zijn met een promotie-, postdoc- of ander onderzoeksproject met betrekking tot de mediterrane wereld is er de mogelijkheid om een korte introductie op hun onderzoek te publiceren in TMA. Neem bij interesse contact met ons op via secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Zie ook tijdschrift.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Over TMA
TMA biedt sinds de oprichting in 1988 zowel beginnende als gevestigde onderzoekers de mogelijkheid nieuw onderzoek te publiceren. Het tijdschrift verschijnt twee keer per jaar, waarbij het tweede nummer een themanummer is. Iedere uitgave bevat artikelen, recensies van vakliteratuur en introducties op nieuw onderzoek. Bijdragen zijn in het Nederlands geschreven; niet-Nederlandstalige auteurs verbonden aan een Nederlandse of Vlaamse universiteit mogen hun bijdrage in het Engels aanleveren. Het tijdschrift richt zich op een publiek van archeologen en andere geïnteresseerden.
In tijden van crisis wordt een samenleving gedwongen te breken met het ‘normale’ dagelijkse handelen. Hoe reageert een samenleving op de effecten van crisis en hoe wordt er naar herstel gezocht?
Binnen de archeologie is verandering in vondstassemblages de belangrijkste indicator voor verandering in een samenleving. Echter, verandering staat niet altijd gelijk aan crisis. Tegelijkertijd is niet elke crisis archeologisch zichtbaar (epidemieën laten vaak geen sporen na in skeletten of tanden, bijvoorbeeld) en zijn er duidelijke veranderingen waarvoor de oorzaak moeilijk aanwijsbaar is of waarover de verklaringen al decennialang veranderen. Een schoolvoorbeeld zijn de vele verklaringen voor het einde van de Myceense samenleving.
Het themanummer van onze 32ste jaargang staat open voor al deze verschillende vormen van crisis en voor oorzaken van (mogelijke) veranderingen en wil daarmee de mogelijkheden en de limieten van archeologisch onderzoek in beeld brengen.
We verwelkomen bijdragen in de vorm van zowel casestudies als theoretische benaderingen die betrekking hebben op de archeologie van de mediterrane wereld en haar aangrenzende gebieden. Hierbij valt ook te denken aan onderzoek met een historische of epigrafische inslag.
Richtlijnen en tijdlijn
Geïnteresseerden worden gevraagd om uiterlijk dinsdag 31 maart een e-mail te sturen naar secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Zij hebben dan tot 15 april om een voorlopige titel, een abstract van ca. 250 woorden en een korte auteursomschrijving in te dienen. Artikelen in TMA worden geschreven in het Nederlands en hebben een omvang van 1500-3000 woorden. Verdere richtlijnen zijn te vinden op onze website via tijdschrift.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Expression of interest: 31 maart 2020
Deadline abstracts: 15 april 2020
Deadline artikel: 31 augustus 2020
Publicatie TMA 64: winter 2020/2021
Introducties op nieuw onderzoek
Voor onderzoekers die recent begonnen zijn met een promotie-, postdoc- of ander onderzoeksproject met betrekking tot de mediterrane wereld is er de mogelijkheid om een korte introductie op hun onderzoek te publiceren in TMA. Neem bij interesse contact met ons op via secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Zie ook tijdschrift.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Over TMA
TMA biedt sinds de oprichting in 1988 zowel beginnende als gevestigde onderzoekers de mogelijkheid nieuw onderzoek te publiceren. Het tijdschrift verschijnt twee keer per jaar, waarbij het tweede nummer een themanummer is. Iedere uitgave bevat artikelen, recensies van vakliteratuur en introducties op nieuw onderzoek. Bijdragen zijn in het Nederlands geschreven; niet-Nederlandstalige auteurs verbonden aan een Nederlandse of Vlaamse universiteit mogen hun bijdrage in het Engels aanleveren. Het tijdschrift richt zich op een publiek van archeologen en andere geïnteresseerden.
Research Interests:
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) nodigt beginnende en gevestigde onderzoekers uit om een abstract in te dienen voor een artikel in de 63ste uitgave van TMA. We verwelkomen bijdragen in de vorm van casestudies tot... more
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) nodigt beginnende en gevestigde onderzoekers uit om een abstract in te dienen voor een artikel in de 63ste uitgave van TMA. We verwelkomen bijdragen in de vorm van casestudies tot theoretische benaderingen die betrekking hebben op de archeologie van de mediterrane wereld en haar aangrenzende gebieden. Hierbij valt ook te denken aan onderzoek met een historische of epigrafische inslag.
Geïnteresseerden worden gevraagd om uiterlijk zondag 1 december 2019 een voorlopige titel en een abstract van max. 250 woorden te sturen naar secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Eventuele vragen en opmerkingen kunnen ook naar dit adres. Artikelen in TMA worden geschreven in het Nederlands en hebben een omvang van 1500-3000 woorden. Verdere richtlijnen zijn te vinden op onze website via tijdschrii.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Deadline abstracts 1 december 2019
Deadline artikel 29 februari 2020
Publicatie TMA 63 zomer 2020
Voor onderzoekers die recent begonnen zijn met een promotie-, postdoc-, of ander onderzoeksproject met betrekking tot de mediterrane wereld is er de mogelijkheid om een korte introductie op hun onderzoek te publiceren in TMA. Neem bij interesse contact met ons op via secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl.
TMA biedt sinds de oprichting in 1988 zowel beginnende als gevestigde onderzoekers de mogelijkheid nieuw onderzoek te publiceren. Het tijdschrift verschijnt twee keer per jaar, waarbij het tweede nummer een themanummer is. Iedere uitgave bevat artikelen, recensies van vakliteratuur, en introducties op nieuw onderzoek. Bijdragen zijn in het Nederlands geschreven; niet-Nederlandstalige auteurs mogen hun bijdrage in het Engels aanleveren. Het tijdschrift richt zich op een publiek van archeologen en andere geïnteresseerden.
Geïnteresseerden worden gevraagd om uiterlijk zondag 1 december 2019 een voorlopige titel en een abstract van max. 250 woorden te sturen naar secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl. Eventuele vragen en opmerkingen kunnen ook naar dit adres. Artikelen in TMA worden geschreven in het Nederlands en hebben een omvang van 1500-3000 woorden. Verdere richtlijnen zijn te vinden op onze website via tijdschrii.mediterrane-archeologie.nl/voor-auteurs/.
Deadline abstracts 1 december 2019
Deadline artikel 29 februari 2020
Publicatie TMA 63 zomer 2020
Voor onderzoekers die recent begonnen zijn met een promotie-, postdoc-, of ander onderzoeksproject met betrekking tot de mediterrane wereld is er de mogelijkheid om een korte introductie op hun onderzoek te publiceren in TMA. Neem bij interesse contact met ons op via secretaris@mediterrane-archeologie.nl.
TMA biedt sinds de oprichting in 1988 zowel beginnende als gevestigde onderzoekers de mogelijkheid nieuw onderzoek te publiceren. Het tijdschrift verschijnt twee keer per jaar, waarbij het tweede nummer een themanummer is. Iedere uitgave bevat artikelen, recensies van vakliteratuur, en introducties op nieuw onderzoek. Bijdragen zijn in het Nederlands geschreven; niet-Nederlandstalige auteurs mogen hun bijdrage in het Engels aanleveren. Het tijdschrift richt zich op een publiek van archeologen en andere geïnteresseerden.
Research Interests:
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) invites beginning and senior scholars to submit abstracts for an article in its 62nd issue themed Mortuary archaeology. Mortuary archaeology was long limited to attractive monumental tombs.... more
Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) invites beginning and senior scholars to submit abstracts for an article in its 62nd issue themed Mortuary archaeology. Mortuary archaeology was long limited to attractive monumental tombs. Nowadays however, it is characterized by different perspectives towards mortuary archaeology and it is being expanded by the implementation of new techniques. Aspects such as architecture, the use of graves, identity and dealing with the dead, but also bio-archaeology and paleopathology are now at the centre of studies of mortuary practices. With this issue, TMA wants to bring together various perspectives on the subject, showing the variety in types of research and their value.
We welcome contributions ranging from case studies to theoretical approaches on mortuary archaeology in the Mediterranean world. Research with a historical or epigraphic standpoint can also be admitted.
We welcome contributions ranging from case studies to theoretical approaches on mortuary archaeology in the Mediterranean world. Research with a historical or epigraphic standpoint can also be admitted.
Research Interests:
Platform Argos, TMA and Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden (RMO) invite you to participate in the first symposium on the History of Mediterranean Archaeology in the Low Countries. The occasion is the 30th anniversary of Tijdschrift voor... more
Platform Argos, TMA and Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden (RMO) invite you to participate in the first symposium on the History of Mediterranean Archaeology in the Low Countries. The occasion is the 30th anniversary of Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA).
Dutch and Belgian archaeologists started fieldwork in the Mediterranean almost a century after Caspar Reuvens became the first archaeology professor and active excavator in the Netherlands. Carl Vollgraff worked in Greece (Argos, Thessaly) from 1902 onwards and in 1905 Jean Capart initiated excavations in Egypt (Sakkara). Only decades later did Mediterranean fieldwork become part of the academic curriculum. By the 1960's, the field had developed from a few courses on Classical Art into an independent academic discipline, with a dozen university chairs of Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology all over the Low Countries.
How did Mediterranean Archaeology develop as an academic discipline in the Netherlands and Belgium? Who were the key players, where did they work, what did they investigate? What
were the most important intellectual and methodological currents? How was the archaeology of the Mediterranean related to other disciplines in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences? What were the similarities and differences in approach and narrative between the Low Countries and their neighbours? What were the differences in research focus and approaches between the Netherlands and Belgium?
This English-language symposium intends to bring together research on the history of Mediterranean Archaeology as practiced in the Low Countries in the 19th and 20th centuries.
There is a limited number of seats, please reserve your place at symposium@mediterrane-archeologie.nl!
Dutch and Belgian archaeologists started fieldwork in the Mediterranean almost a century after Caspar Reuvens became the first archaeology professor and active excavator in the Netherlands. Carl Vollgraff worked in Greece (Argos, Thessaly) from 1902 onwards and in 1905 Jean Capart initiated excavations in Egypt (Sakkara). Only decades later did Mediterranean fieldwork become part of the academic curriculum. By the 1960's, the field had developed from a few courses on Classical Art into an independent academic discipline, with a dozen university chairs of Classical and Mediterranean Archaeology all over the Low Countries.
How did Mediterranean Archaeology develop as an academic discipline in the Netherlands and Belgium? Who were the key players, where did they work, what did they investigate? What
were the most important intellectual and methodological currents? How was the archaeology of the Mediterranean related to other disciplines in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences? What were the similarities and differences in approach and narrative between the Low Countries and their neighbours? What were the differences in research focus and approaches between the Netherlands and Belgium?
This English-language symposium intends to bring together research on the history of Mediterranean Archaeology as practiced in the Low Countries in the 19th and 20th centuries.
There is a limited number of seats, please reserve your place at symposium@mediterrane-archeologie.nl!
Research Interests:
On the occasion of the 30th anniversary edition of Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) you are invited by Platform Argos and TMA to contribute to the First symposium on The History of Mediterranean Archaeology in the Low... more
On the occasion of the 30th anniversary edition of Tijdschrift voor Mediterrane Archeologie (TMA) you are invited by Platform Argos and TMA to contribute to the First symposium on The History of Mediterranean Archaeology in the Low Countries. It takes place in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (Leiden) on the 8th of March 2019.
Deadline abstracts: 15 January 2019.
Deadline abstracts: 15 January 2019.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
"Public Works: Building for the Greater Good" No city without public works. In order to create a functioning and thriving city, its people will inevitably need to invest in communal architectural projects such as infrastructure, open... more
"Public Works: Building for the Greater Good"
No city without public works. In order to create a functioning and thriving city, its people will inevitably need to invest in communal architectural projects such as infrastructure, open facilities, public spaces and public buildings. However, such buildings did not solely have a utilitarian function. From aqueduct to amphitheatre and from park to public toilet: public works play an important social, political and economic role. At the same time their architecture offers a place for elites to showcase their wealth and power through ostentation.
This symposium explores the variety of functions public works have had and the diverse roles they have played within ancient Mediterranean societies. In addition, to bridge past and present, we want to reflect on how these public works of the past continue to play important roles in present-day societies.
No city without public works. In order to create a functioning and thriving city, its people will inevitably need to invest in communal architectural projects such as infrastructure, open facilities, public spaces and public buildings. However, such buildings did not solely have a utilitarian function. From aqueduct to amphitheatre and from park to public toilet: public works play an important social, political and economic role. At the same time their architecture offers a place for elites to showcase their wealth and power through ostentation.
This symposium explores the variety of functions public works have had and the diverse roles they have played within ancient Mediterranean societies. In addition, to bridge past and present, we want to reflect on how these public works of the past continue to play important roles in present-day societies.